In today's global energy transition tide, lithium batteries with its high energy density, long life, environmental friendliness and other characteristics, has become a key force to promote the development of electric vehicles, energy storage systems and all kinds of portable electronic devices. Behind all these achievements, the important role of lithium battery materials is inseparable.

The cathode material is the main source of lithium ions in lithium batteries, and its performance directly determines the energy density of the battery. Common cathode materials include lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganate and nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials. Lithium cobaltate is widely used in portable electronic equipment because of its high energy density and good cycle stability. Lithium iron phosphate shines in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage with its excellent safety, long life and low cost; Nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials, with their high energy density and excellent comprehensive performance, have become the first choice for electric vehicles to pursue driving range.

The negative electrode material is responsible for receiving the lithium ions migrating from the positive electrode, and its performance directly affects the energy storage efficiency and cycle life of the battery. As a traditional negative electrode material, graphite has long occupied a dominant position in the market with its stable cycle performance and good electrical conductivity. However, with the demand for higher energy density, new anode materials such as silicon-based materials and lithium titanate are gradually emerging. Silicon-based materials have the potential to improve the energy density of batteries due to their high theoretical lithium embedding capacity. Lithium titanate, with its excellent cycle stability and rapid charge-discharge ability, has shown unique advantages in energy storage systems and specific applications.

As the transmission medium of lithium ion in lithium battery, the performance of electrolyte directly affects the ion conductivity, internal resistance and safety of the battery. Common electrolytes are mainly composed of lithium salts, organic solvents and additives. The choice of lithium salt determines the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, and the addition of organic solvents and additives can significantly improve the chemical stability and safety of the electrolyte. By optimizing the composition and formulation of the electrolyte, the ion conduction efficiency of the battery can be further improved, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the charging and discharging performance and cycle life of the battery can be improved.

The separator is located between the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery, and its main function is to prevent electrons from passing directly and allow lithium ions to shuttle freely to ensure the safe operation of the battery. The performance of the separator directly affects the ion conductivity, internal resistance and safety of the battery. By optimizing the material, porosity and pore size distribution of the diaphragm, the ion conduction efficiency of the battery can be further improved, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the safety performance of the battery can be enhanced. When the battery is overheated or short-circuited, the thermal closing function of the diaphragm can quickly cut off the current and prevent the battery from getting out of control, thus ensuring the battery and personal safety.

The excellent performance of lithium batteries is not the credit of a single material, but the result of the synergy of the four core materials of positive electrode material, negative electrode material, electrolyte and diaphragm. Through careful design and optimization, the four materials can give full play to their respective advantages and jointly achieve high energy density, long cycle life, excellent safety and cost effectiveness of the battery.